Hadith on Justice: The Prophet loved a pre-Islamic confederacy, Hilf Al-Fudoul, which pledged justice for all people

Talha ibn Awf reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said, “Certainly, I witnessed in the house of Abdullah ibn Jud’an a confederacy which was more beloved to me than a herd of red camels; and if I were called to it now while in Islam, I would respond.”

[Al-Bayhaqi, Sunan Al-Kubra, Number 12114, Hasan]

عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ أَن رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَقَدْ شَهِدْتُ فِي دَارِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ حِلْفًا مَا أُحِبُّ أَنَّ لِيَ بِهِ حُمْرَ النَّعَمِ وَلَوْ أُدْعَى بِهِ فِي الإِسْلامِ لأَجَبْتُ

السنن الكبرى للبيهقي كتاب الوصايا جماع أبواب تفريق الخمس

Hadith on Pardon: The Messenger of Allah forgives the polytheist who tried to murder him

Jabir reported: We took part in the expedition with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, against Najd and when the time for afternoon rest approached, he was in a valley of thorny trees. He dismounted under a tree to rest in its shade and hung his sword upon it. The people dispersed among the trees in order to use their shade. While we were like this, the Messenger of Allah called us and we came to find a Bedouin sitting in front of him. The Messenger of Allah said, “This person came to me while I was asleep and he quietly took my sword. I woke up while he was standing over my head, holding my unsheathed sword. He said: Who will protect you from me? I said: Allah, three times.” And the Messenger of Allah did not punish him.

[Sahih Bukhari, Book 59, Number 460]

In another narration, the polytheist said, “Who will protect you from me?” The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said, “Allah the Exalted.” Then the sword fell from his hand and the Messenger of Allah seized it. He said, “Who will protect you from me?” The polytheist said, “Be good to me!” He said, “Will you bear witness that there is no god but Allah and I am the Messenger of Allah?” He said, “No, but I give you my word that I will not fight you and I will not join anyone who is fighting you.” So the Messenger of Allah let him on his way. The polytheist returned to his people and said, “I have just come to you from the best of people!”

[Musnad Ahmad, Number 14768]

أَنَّ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَخْبَرَ أَنَّهُ غَزَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ فَلَمَّا قَفَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَفَلَ مَعَهُ فَأَدْرَكَتْهُمْ الْقَائِلَةُ فِي وَادٍ كَثِيرِ الْعِضَاهِ فَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَتَفَرَّقَ النَّاسُ يَسْتَظِلُّونَ بِالشَّجَرِ فَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَحْتَ سَمُرَةٍ وَعَلَّقَ بِهَا سَيْفَهُ وَنِمْنَا نَوْمَةً فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَدْعُونَا وَإِذَا عِنْدَهُ أَعْرَابِيٌّ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا اخْتَرَطَ عَلَيَّ سَيْفِي وَأَنَا نَائِمٌ فَاسْتَيْقَظْتُ وَهُوَ فِي يَدِهِ صَلْتًا فَقَالَ مَنْ يَمْنَعُكَ مِنِّي فَقُلْتُ اللَّهُ ثَلَاثًا وَلَمْ يُعَاقِبْهُ وَجَلَسَ

صحيح البخاري كِتَاب الْجِهَادِ وَالسِّيَرِ بَاب مَنْ عَلَّقَ سَيْفَهُ بِالشَّجَرِ فِي السَّفَرِ عِنْدَ الْقَائِلَةِ

فَقَالَ مَنْ يَمْنَعُكَ مِنِّي قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَسَقَطَ السَّيْفُ مِنْ يَدِهِ فَأَخَذَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ مَنْ يَمْنَعُكَ مِنِّي قَالَ كُنْ كَخَيْرِ آخِذٍ قَالَ أَتَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ قَالَ لَا وَلَكِنْ أُعَاهِدُكَ عَلَى أَنْ لَا أُقَاتِلَكَ وَلَا أَكُونَ مَعَ قَوْمٍ يُقَاتِلُونَكَ فَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ فَأَتَى قَوْمَهُ فَقَالَ جِئْتُكُمْ مِنْ عِنْدِ خَيْرِ النَّاسِ

مسند أحمد بَاقِي مُسْنَدِ الْمُكْثِرِينَ صلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم صلاة الخوف

Hadith on War: The Prophet fought the Quraish until they stopped persecuting Muslims

Anas ibn Malik reported: The Prophet, peace be upon him, said, “I have been commanded to fight the idolaters until they witness that there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His servant and His messenger. If they witness that there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger, pray our prayer, face our direction of prayer, and eat from our slaughtered animals, then their lives and their wealth are forbidden for us to take except by right of justice.”
[Sunan An-Nasa’i, Book of Unlawfulness of Bloodshed, Number 3966, Sahih]
Ibn Taymiyyah said, “The meaning of this tradition is to fight those who are waging war whom Allah has called us to fight, and it does not mean to fight those who have made peace whom Allah has commanded us to fulfill their peace.”

[Majmu’ Al-Fatawa 19/20]

عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَتَّى يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ فَإِذَا شَهِدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَصَلَّوْا صَلَاتَنَا وَاسْتَقْبَلُوا قِبْلَتَنَا وَأَكَلُوا ذَبَائِحَنَا فَقَدْ حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْنَا دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَأَمْوَالُهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا

سنن النسائي كتاب تحريم الدم

وقال ابن تيمية مراده قتال المحاربين الذين أذن الله في قتالهم، لم يرد قتال المعاهدين الذين أمر الله بوفاء عهدهم

مجموع الفتاوى

Hadith on Hypocrisy: The signs of hypocrisy are false speech, treachery, breaking promises, and evil argumentation

Abdullah ibn Umar reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said, “There are four signs which make someone a pure hypocrite, and whoever has them has the characteristic of hypocrisy until he abandons it: when he speaks he lies, when he makes a covenant he proves treacherous, when he makes a promise he breaks it, and when he argues he proves wicked.”
[Sahih Muslim, Book 1, Number 111]

نْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ  قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرْبَعٌ مَنْ كُنَّ فِيهِ كَانَ مُنَافِقًا خَالِصًا وَمَنْ كَانَتْ فِيهِ خَلَّةٌ مِنْهُنَّ كَانَتْ فِيهِ خَلَّةٌ مِنْ نِفَاقٍ حَتَّى يَدَعَهَا إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ وَإِذَا عَاهَدَ غَدَرَ وَإِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ وَإِذَا خَاصَمَ فَجَرَ

صحيح مسلم كتاب الإيمان باب بيان خصال المنافق

Hadith on Covenants: Whoever breaks his peace treaty will not enter Paradise

Abu Bakrah رضى الله عنه reported: The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “Whoever kills a person protected by a covenant, before its term expires, Allah has made Paradise forbidden for him.”

[Sunan Abu Dawud, Book 15, Number 2760, Grade: Sahih]

Book of Jihad, Chapter: On fulfilling the Covenant and the Sanctity of its Protection

عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ قَالَ  قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ قَتَلَ مُعَاهِدًا فِي غَيْرِ كُنْهِهِ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ

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