Hadith on Supplications: The supplication of a just ruler, a fasting person, and oppressed person are never rejected

Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said, “The supplications of three persons are never turned away: a just ruler, a fasting person until he breaks his fast, and the supplication of an oppressed person which is raised by Allah to the clouds on the Day of Resurrection; the gates of heaven are opened for it and Allah says: By My might, I will help you even if it is after a while.”

[Sunan Ibn Majah, Book of Fasting, Number 1624, Hasan]

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا تُرَدُّ دَعْوَتُهُمْ الْإِمَامُ الْعَادِلُ وَالصَّائِمُ حَتَّى يُفْطِرَ وَدَعْوَةُ الْمَظْلُومِ يَرْفَعُهَا اللَّهُ دُونَ الْغَمَامِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَتُفْتَحُ لَهَا أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ وَيَقُولُ بِعِزَّتِي لَأَنْصُرَنَّكِ وَلَوْ بَعْدَ حِينٍ

سنن ابن ماجه  كتاب الصيام  باب في الصائم لا ترد دعوته

Hadith on Justice: The Prophet loved a pre-Islamic confederacy, Hilf Al-Fudoul, which pledged justice for all people

Talha ibn Awf reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said, “Certainly, I witnessed in the house of Abdullah ibn Jud’an a confederacy which was more beloved to me than a herd of red camels; and if I were called to it now while in Islam, I would respond.”

[Al-Bayhaqi, Sunan Al-Kubra, Number 12114, Hasan]

عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ أَن رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَقَدْ شَهِدْتُ فِي دَارِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ حِلْفًا مَا أُحِبُّ أَنَّ لِيَ بِهِ حُمْرَ النَّعَمِ وَلَوْ أُدْعَى بِهِ فِي الإِسْلامِ لأَجَبْتُ

السنن الكبرى للبيهقي كتاب الوصايا جماع أبواب تفريق الخمس

Hadith on Justice: The just will be exalted at the right hand of the Merciful, seated on pulpits of light

Abdullah ibn Amr reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said, “Verily, those who were fair will be in the presence of Allah upon pulpits of light, near the right hand of the Merciful, the Exalted, and both of His sides are right (being equally honorable); those who practiced justice in their rulings and with their families and in all that they did.”

[Sahih Muslim, Book 20, Number 4493]

عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ يَبْلُغُ بِهِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَفِي حَدِيثِ زُهَيْرٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَلَى مَنَابِرَ مِنْ نُورٍ عَنْ يَمِينِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَكِلْتَا يَدَيْهِ يَمِينٌ الَّذِينَ يَعْدِلُونَ فِي حُكْمِهِمْ وَأَهْلِيهِمْ وَمَا وَلُوا

صحيح مسلم كِتَاب الْإِمَارَةِ بَاب فَضِيلَةِ الْإِمَامِ الْعَادِلِ وَعُقُوبَةِ الْجَائِرِ وَالْحَثِّ عَلَى الرِّفْقِ بِالرَّعِيَّةِ وَالنَّهْيِ عَنْ إِدْخَالِ الْمَشَقَّةِ عَلَيْهِمْ

Hadith on Law: Do not neglect duties, transgress limits, or disrespect Allah’s silence

Abu Tha’laba Al-Khushani reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said, “Indeed, Allah has made duties obligatory, so do not neglect them; and He has set limits, so do not transgress them; and He has remained silent concerning things as mercy for you, not out of forgetfulness, so do not search them out.”

[Al-Daraqutani 4/184, Hasan]

عَنْ أَبِي ثَعْلَبَةَ الْخُشَنِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَرَضَ فَرَائِضَ فَلَا تُضَيِّعُوهَا وَحَدَّ حُدُودًا فَلَا تَعْتَدُوهَا وَحَرَّمَ أَشْيَاءَ فَلَا تَنْتَهِكُوهَا وَسَكَتَ عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ رَحْمَةً لَكُمْ غَيْرَ نِسْيَانٍ فَلَا تَبْحَثُوا عَنْهَا

حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ ، رَوَاهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ

Umar ibn Al-Khattab: When you did you enslave people although they are born free?

Ibn Abd Al-Hakim reported: Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, said that a man from the people of Egypt came to Umar ibn Al-Khattab and said, “O leader of the believers, I seek refuge in you from injustice!” Umar replied, “You have sought someone willing.” The man said, “I competed with the son of Amr ibn Al-‘As and I won, but he started striking me with a whip and saying: I am the son of the dignified!” Upon this, Umar wrote to Amr ordering him to travel to him with his son. He came with his son and Umar said, “Where is the Egyptian?” He gave him the whip and told him to strike the son of Amr. The man started striking him while Umar was saying, “Strike the son of the illiterates!” Anas said, “By Allah, the man struck him and we loved his striking, and he did not stop until we wished he stopped.” Then Umar said to the Egyptian, “Direct it to Amr.” The Egyptian said, “O leader of the believers, it was only his son who struck me and I have settled the score.” Umar said to Amr, “Since when did you enslave the people though they were born from their mothers in freedom?” Amr said, “O leader of the believers, I did not know about this and he did not tell me.”

[Ibn Abd Al-Hakim, Futuh Masr 290]

وأخرج ابن عبد الحكم عن أنس رضي الله عنه أن رجلاً من أهل مصر أتى عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه فقال يا أمير المؤمنين عائذ بك من الظلم قال عذتَ معَاذاً قال سابقت ابن عمرو بن العاص فسبقته فحعل يضربني بالسوط ويقول أنا ابن الأكرمين فكتب عمر إلى عمرو رضي الله عنهما يأمره بالقدوم ويقدَم بابنه معه فقدم فقال عمر أين المصري؟ خذ السوط ضرب فجعل يضربه بالسوط ويقول عمر إضرب ابن الألأمَينْ قال أنس فضرب والله لقد ضربه ونحن نحب ضربه؛ فلما أقلع عنه حتى تمنينا أنه يرفع عنه ثم قال للمصري ضَعْ على صلعة عمرو فقال يا أمير المؤمنين إِنّما ابنه الذي ضربني وقد استَقَدْت منه فقال عمر لعمرو مذ كم تعبدتم الناس وقد ولدتهم أمهاتهم أحراراً؟ قال يا أمير المؤمنين لم أعلم ولم يأتني. كذا في منتخب كنز العمال

ابن عبدالحكم في فتوح مصر

Hadith of Supplication: Whoever says this, Allāh will replace his affliction with happiness

Abdullāh narrated: The Messenger of Allāh, peace be upon him, said, “If any Muslim is afflicted with distress and makes this supplication, then his supplication will be answered: O Allāh, I am Your servant, son of Your servant, son of Your maidservant. My forelock is in Your hand. Your command concerning me prevails, and Your decision concerning me is just. I call upon You by every one of the beautiful names with which You have described Yourself, or which You have revealed in Your Book, or have taught anyone of Your creatures, or which You have chosen to keep in the Knowledge off the Unseen with You, to make the Qurān the delight of my heart, the light of my chest, and remove any grief, sorrows, and afflictions.” He said, “[If he says this] Allāh will remove one’s affliction and replace it with joy and happiness.” They said, “O Messenger of Allāh, should we not learn it?” He said, “Yes, whoever hears it should know it.”

[Musnad Ahmad, Number 3704]

عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ  قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا أَصَابَ أَحَدًا قَطُّ هَمٌّ وَلَا حَزَنٌ فَقَالَ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي عَبْدُكَ وَابْنُ عَبْدِكَ وَابْنُ أَمَتِكَ نَاصِيَتِي بِيَدِكَ مَاضٍ فِيَّ حُكْمُكَ عَدْلٌ فِيَّ قَضَاؤُكَ أَسْأَلُكَ بِكُلِّ اسْمٍ هُوَ لَكَ سَمَّيْتَ بِهِ نَفْسَكَ أَوْ عَلَّمْتَهُ أَحَدًا مِنْ خَلْقِكَ أَوْ أَنْزَلْتَهُ فِي كِتَابِكَ أَوْ اسْتَأْثَرْتَ بِهِ فِي عِلْمِ الْغَيْبِ عِنْدَكَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ الْقُرْآنَ رَبِيعَ قَلْبِي وَنُورَ صَدْرِي وَجِلَاءَ حُزْنِي وَذَهَابَ هَمِّي إِلَّا أَذْهَبَ اللَّهُ هَمَّهُ وَحُزْنَهُ وَأَبْدَلَهُ مَكَانَهُ فَرَجًا قَالَ فَقِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَلَا نَتَعَلَّمُهَا فَقَالَ بَلَى يَنْبَغِي لِمَنْ سَمِعَهَا أَنْ يَتَعَلَّمَهَا

Ibn Al-Qayyim: Good manners is to behave in a beautiful way with creation

Ibn Al-Qayyim (d.751H/1350CE) said, “The reality of good manners is to behave with the creation in a beautiful way.”

[Madarij As-Salikin 361]

ابن القيم قال وحقيقة الأدب استعمال الخلق الجميل

مدارج السالكين بين منازل إياك نعبد وإياك نستعين  ابن قيم الجوزية

Al-Qurtubi: The disbelief of the disbeliever does not prevent him from enjoying justice

Al-Qurtubi said concerning the verse, “O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm for Allah, witnesses in justice, and do not let the hatred of a people prevent you from being just,” (5:8) that this means “the disbelief of the disbeliever does not prevent him from enjoying justice.”

[Tafsir Al-Qurtubi, Verse 5:8]

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ لِلَّهِ شُهَدَاءَ بِالْقِسْطِ وَلَا يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ عَلَىٰ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا

ودلّت الآية أيضاً على أن كفر الكافر لا يمنع من العدل عليه

الجامع لأحكام القرآن تفسير القرطبي

At-Tabari: Behave well with all sects, creeds, and religions who seek peace

At-Tabari writes concerning the verse, “Allah does not forbid you from those who do not fight you because of religion and do not expel you from your homes – from being righteous toward them and acting justly toward them. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly,” (60:8) that this means, “Allah does not forbid you from those who do not fight you because of religion – including all the sects, creeds, and religions – that you behave righteously with them, maintain good relations with them, and act fairly with them.”
[Tafsir At-Tabari, verse 60:8]

لَّا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُم مِّن دِيَارِكُمْ أَن تَبَرُّوهُمْ وَتُقْسِطُوا إِلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ

قال الطبري لا ينهاكم الله عن الذين لم يقاتلوكم في الدين من جميع أصناف الملل والأديان أن تبروهم وتصلوهم وتقسطوا إليهم

تفسير الطبري

Hadith on War: The Prophet fought the Quraish until they stopped persecuting Muslims

Anas ibn Malik reported: The Prophet, peace be upon him, said, “I have been commanded to fight the idolaters until they witness that there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His servant and His messenger. If they witness that there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger, pray our prayer, face our direction of prayer, and eat from our slaughtered animals, then their lives and their wealth are forbidden for us to take except by right of justice.”
[Sunan An-Nasa’i, Book of Unlawfulness of Bloodshed, Number 3966, Sahih]
Ibn Taymiyyah said, “The meaning of this tradition is to fight those who are waging war whom Allah has called us to fight, and it does not mean to fight those who have made peace whom Allah has commanded us to fulfill their peace.”

[Majmu’ Al-Fatawa 19/20]

عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَتَّى يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ فَإِذَا شَهِدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَصَلَّوْا صَلَاتَنَا وَاسْتَقْبَلُوا قِبْلَتَنَا وَأَكَلُوا ذَبَائِحَنَا فَقَدْ حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْنَا دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَأَمْوَالُهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا

سنن النسائي كتاب تحريم الدم

وقال ابن تيمية مراده قتال المحاربين الذين أذن الله في قتالهم، لم يرد قتال المعاهدين الذين أمر الله بوفاء عهدهم

مجموع الفتاوى

Hadith on Defense: It is permissible to defend yourself from a violent aggressor

Az-Zubair reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said, “If someone unsheathes his sword and strikes people with it, then it is permissible to shed his blood.”

[Sunan An-Nasa’i, Book 37, Number 4102, Sahih]

عَنْ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِعَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ مَنْ شَهَرَ سَيْفَهُ ثُمَّ وَضَعَهُ فَدَمُهُ هَدَرٌ

سنن النسائي كتاب تحريم الدم من شهر سيفه ثم وضعه في الناس

Hadith on Major Sins: The worst sins are polytheism, disobedience to parents, killing a person without right of justice, and giving false testimony

Anas reported: The Prophet, peace be upon him, said concerning major sins, “They are associating partners with Allah, disobedience to parents, killing a person, and speaking falsehood.”
[Sahih Muslim, Book 1, Number 159]

عَنْ أَنَسٍ  عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْكَبَائِرِ قَالَ الشِّرْكُ بِاللَّهِ وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ وَقَوْلُ الزُّورِ

صحيح مسلم كتاب الإيمان باب بيان الكبائر وأكبرها

Hadith on Covenants: Whoever breaks his peace treaty will not enter Paradise

Abu Bakrah رضى الله عنه reported: The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “Whoever kills a person protected by a covenant, before its term expires, Allah has made Paradise forbidden for him.”

[Sunan Abu Dawud, Book 15, Number 2760, Grade: Sahih]

Book of Jihad, Chapter: On fulfilling the Covenant and the Sanctity of its Protection

عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ قَالَ  قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ قَتَلَ مُعَاهِدًا فِي غَيْرِ كُنْهِهِ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ

كتاب الجهاد » باب في الوفاء للمعاهد وحرمة ذمته